Red Cloud
Sioux Wars - Little Crow's, Red Cloud's and The Great Sioux Wars?
Little Crow's War 1861-62
Red Cloud's War 1865-68
The Great Sioux War 1876-77
What did the settlers gain or lose in each?
What did the Sioux gain or lose in each?
Any links and good sources are much appreciated!
Little Crow tried to avoid war as he new it would lead to defeat, but his warrior and people had enough and demand war. In the wars after mass, the souix warriors were tried as 'war criminals' , 38 were executed and another 326 imprisoned.
In the Red Cloud's War of 1865-68, the Sioux in Montana led by Red Cloud took up arms and rose up against the white man. In the early 1860's, gold ores were discovered on Sioux properties, protected by a treaty, and white miners rushed in on a gold rush. They took over Sioux land after killing the owners. Red Cloud's band of poorly armed Sioux warriors were no match for the US military. After a series of bloody battles, the Indian army was decimated but they fought on. Finally, a new treaty was signed with Red Cloud creating the Great Sioux Reservation - which was off limit to the white miners at least on paper.
The Great Sioux War of 1876-77 began when white miners rushed in the Black Hills of Dakota, sacred to the Sioux Indians, to dig for gold. The Sioux warriors led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated the US cavalry led by General Custer at the battle of Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876. However, this Indian victory was followed by one defeat after another, and by 1877, the Sioux army was no more. The Indians were evicted from the Black Hills of Dakota - another treaty was broken.
The white settlers backed up by the US army relied on scorched-earth tactics. Whole villages and tribes - old people, women. new-born babies and children - were mercilessly killed under the motto, "The only good Indian is a dead Indian." The US government paid scalp hunters so many dollars per Indian - of any age - killed. Buffaloes - the main food source of the Indians - were wiped out by the military in order to starve out the Indians. It is estimated that over ten million buffaloes roamed the Great Plains before 1840, but by 1885, the buffalo was virtually exterminated. There were only 200 or so buffalo remained when the Great Buffo Hunt was over.
The Indian treaties gave the Native Indians home lands - "reservations" - off limits to the white settlers. The Indians were initially allowed to hunt for food outside their reservations but the white settlers objected to the 'wild Injuns' leaving the reservation to steal and rape white women. Eventually, the Indians were forbidden to leave the reservation - thus, another treaty term was broken. The Indians became welfare recipients and helpless prisoners in their own "land of the free".
The Great Sioux war: The Government could not stop white settlers from settling on the Sioux lands, at the same time of course they were going to protect them; The indians by that point were determined to not let the treaty of 1868 be violated. It came to Washington on how to deal with the problem, and So grant decided, through Sherman to force the indian removal, once again. As Sherman put it "The Sioux must be made to know that when the government commands they must obey"
What did the settlers gain or lose in each?
The settlers were the once really pushing the issue, they were moving west settling on lands that were already aggreed by treaties with Washington as the Sioux's Lands. Then when indians attacked settlers violating their lands, the Settlers insisted on Government protection. Washington and any local commanders usually succombed to their demands and this is what would trigger and re-trigger the wars. Settlers if they lived won their lands, got to prospect so gold..ect.
What the lost was of course, was in the gamble, they may have been attacked by indians, possibly losong their Homes, crops, animals, and their lives; but obviously as a general rule they became the winners.
What did the Sioux gain or lose in each? Overall the Sioux were the Mass losers, they lost their lives defending their lands, Lost their Lands, in their efforts to make peace they got stuck with one treaty after another that sometimes got violated the same day they were signed. In the end they ended up losing their freedoms, their right to hunt, their way of life, so evaded to Canada, or some continued to resist, finally realizing their was no treaty that would ever be recognized.
Winners: I guess their Dignity to fight for their freedom , to make the effort to find peace repeatedly. : And maybe a little satisfaction on the instinces that they defeated the army; though it always came back at the cost of another massacre of them.
The first source is a book and covers vast amounts of information , battles, leaders, and you can read it all online free. (Though you can't copy and paste.)
Second source some good info is contained in the paragraghs, skim down alittle off the top, as it is really an essay dealing in current day about us making treaties.
Third source another google book.
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